London: Canary Wharf

7.15pm GMT Thursday 31 May 2007

GAPS IN GERMANY'S NEW RIGHT

REVIEW: GERMANY'S NEW RIGHT AS CULTURE AND POLITICS. Roger Woods (Palgrave, Basingstoke 2007)

In this clear and workmanlike report and assessment of the New Right in Germany, Roger Woods first of all examines the cultural background, then goes on to explore the problematic Conservative Revolutionary and National Socialist legacy, New Right values and programmes, before reaching a somewhat downbeat conclusion. “The New Right project of providing itself with a cultural dimension as a solid foundation for new political thinking has not gone according to plan” says Woods, early-on.

Woods outlines three phases of New Right development in Germany since 1968; firstly as a meta-political movement taking its lead from the French New Right interpretation of Gramsci and culture combined with 1970s ideology, then the period 1982-1989 when the New Right served as a right wing corrective to right wing German Federal and Land governments and also in the historians dispute, and finally from 1989, after the collapse of socialism, when issues of national identity came to the fore.

The most interesting parts of the book deal with the ambiguous inheritance of Conservative Revolutionary thinkers of the Weimar Republic and the background of cultural pessimism. Woods emphasizes the uncertainty many German New Right thinkers betray despite promoting traditional values such as the Church, Family, Nation/ State. The cultural pessimist insight is that all these ideas have been tried, and failed, and that modernity in all its aspects is irreversible. With the current ecological crisis of climate change and industrial pollution, as Botho Strauss points out, not even nature can be relied upon. The quest for institutions that can embody transcendental values is abandoned. It is this feeling of resignation that allows German New Right thinkers like Martin Schwarz to contemplate compromise with Islam: “In a speech to the right wing organization Synergon Deutschland Martin Schwarz declares that if Europeans were to adopt the principles of Islam their nations would flourish”. “We live in a time of chaos and disintegration. If we wish to survive we must not convince ourselves that our main aim is to confront those people who are being uprooted and tossed around as the old order disintegrates...There is no Islamic conspiracy to bring down the West!” - Martin Schwarz.

Opposed to this defeatism are a minority including Pierre Krebs of Thule Seminar: “In the land of Nietzsche and Wagner, Bach and Kant, Clausewitz and Thomas Münzer a single word could fan the red glow of history back to life, smash to pieces half a century of dictatorial 'reeducation' that thought it could displace this word from the mind of a whole people without encountering any resistance”.

From an English perspective, this cultural pessimism may seem a result of over-intellectualizing and the particular, awkward memory for Germans of the NSDAP. If, as it is commonly held, Europe is a Symphony of Nations, then we have already heard the majesty of Mussolini and the sombre, expressionist tones of German National Socialism; yet England, the Celtic lands, Scandinavia, central Europe and Russia have so far remained silent. Let Russia sing and England and France take up the reprise! (Britain's particular excuse for European dis-engagement has been its global empire, its invention of the modern world, and currently its maintenance through force, financial power and flim-flam of that same decaying world).

Unfortunately, there is a significant oversight of which this book is guilty. I would argue that the major fault with the German New Right, and Woods account of it, is a lack of awareness of our true, shared pre-Christian Aryan heritage. As for Christianity, there seems little point in falling back on the tradition of a religion if that religion is wrong; and not only wrong, but destructive. German religious traditionalists are still mainly Christian, thereby continuing the Semitic monotheist intrusion into Aryan spirituality. How can Germans “return” to a faith that caused them so much physical and mental harm, from encouraging Charlemagne to slaughter thousands of pagan Saxons in order to force conversion, or that wasted Germany for generations after the carnage of the Thirty Years War?

Neither Roger Woods nor the examples he cites have much time for the insights of European paganism and the apparent pre-Christian Aryan ideology uncovered by Indo-Europeanists like Georges Dumezil and Alby Stone. European pagan metaphysics in conjunction with the ideas of Western philosophers such as Nietzsche and Heidegger and the political outlook of Evola and Yockey can provide meaning, to resist the onslaught of nihilist modernism and the doubts and uncertainties expressed by New Right thinkers in Germany. This is where the German New Right, and the New Right across Europe, will find the “fixed points”, the traditions, the models for a functioning society, and the new elan – the new spirit of adventure, hope, and destiny – for which the German New Right, and many Europeans more generally, have been searching.

This new spirit must originate from and embody the European Faustean sensibility; it must embrace synthesis, science and technology: “The fascist is obsessed with an ideal of Modernity and youth: he wants to create a new man, a lover of sport and autosport, living in a new city which has been given new life by futuristic architecture. He is an admirer of Le Cobusier, Marinetti, Gropius. He loves motors, mechanical engineering and speed.” - Zeev Sternhell, quoted on p68.


I have just two caveats for a book that is otherwise fair as far as it goes:
- for a book published in mid-2007, the references don't extend beyond Summer 2004 at the latest, as far as I can see. I don't blame the author for this; publication schedules are often delayed.
- secondly, the front cover appears to be a (totally uncredited) photograph of the Holocaust memorial in Berlin. According to the text within, “For the New Right, however, the Holocaust memorial is 'the last testament of the generation of 68'. Before they retire they want to deal Germany a blow which will shake it to its core. Junge Freiheit quotes Rudolf Augustein's view that the memorial is aimed against the newly emerging Germany in Berlin and the sovereignty that Germany had taken so long to restore”. To choose this particular image to illustrate the cover of a book on Germany's New Right is singularly inappropriate, almost a calculated insult directed at the book's readers.

Decline and Fall

There were at least four major reasons why Christianity superseded paganism towards the end of the Roman Empire (and countless minor reasons, such are the contingencies of fate):

a. Demographic changes within the Roman Empire. It’s well known that Christianity deliberately set out to appeal to Rome’s multi-cultural lumpenproletariat and slave underclasses, groups that were growing all the time, in opposition to the original Roman Citizens who were the culture-bearers of Hellenic civilization. “What made the oracle at Delphi mute was not the eventual discovery of some sort of trick, but the disappearance of the Greeks.” – Jean-Luc Marion.

b. Political expediency. As the office of Emperor was transformed increasingly into a bejewelled despotic Eastern Potentate (think Xerxes in 300), Constantine realized that a formal link to strict, unified monotheism was to the advantage to him and his dynastic successors.

c. Changes within paganism itself. Paganism was moving toward a more explicitly non-dualist philosophy. Belief in the gods of Olympus was evolving into a religion not dissimilar in outlook to today’s dharmic eastern Aryan religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism etc.. This had two direct consequences: it made pagans even more tolerant (contrary to subsequent Christian propaganda about “persecutions”) and also meant that paganism itself became more difficult to grasp for many ordinary folk, compared to the black-and-white certainties presented by Christianity.

d. Christianity also was being modified by exposure to the European mind-set, most dramatically by replacing the strict monotheism of early Jewish Jerusalem-Christianity with such pagan notions as the Trinity (Trimurti in Hinduism/ Odin-Vili-Ve in Germanic mythology), saints and holidays. Erich Fromm has described the conversion of Europe to Christianity as “largely a sham”, a view shared by Oswald Spengler amongst many others. “European peasants could only eventually find communion with Christian theology by transforming Christ into a bearded god who lived and worked like them” – Mircea Eliade.

I strongly disagree that the paganism of the late Empire lacked depth; as I stated above, it’s partly because of its subtle complexity that it went into decline, at least amongst the uneducated classes (although Hindu peasants today seem to have no problem with the implications of advaita).

Any notion of a serious revival of the original Olympian religion today is ridiculous. Modern “Faustean” paganism needs to develop from the ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger and even such Christian mystics as Meister Eckhart and Paracelsus.

Greek Philosophy and Particle Accelerators

Heraclitus and Non-Dualism

The pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Heraclitus has been heroized by many since his death, most recently by European Identitarians and the European New Right.

Heraclitus famously postulated that all things in the Universe are made of One Thing: Fire. In a sense, he is right, if by Fire you mean energy; if Fire is interpreted as energy. Energy and mass are interchangeable, as triumphantly demonstrated by nuclear physics. They are in the final analysis One Thing. Eastern Aryan philosophy (the Dharmic religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) had already postulated the idea of the One Thing: consciousness. In effect, they were saying that consciousness is energy; the One Thing that in the cosmos of Heraclitus everything is made from: Fire. We don’t yet know (due to the lack so far of the remaining fragments of recorded writings) whether Heraclitus himself was explicitly non-dualist.

“This world was created not by God or men,” wrote Heraclitus “but it existed, exists and will exist forever like an eternal living flame…” ON BEING A PAGAN, Alain de Benoist p143.

Man, by being conscious, and also self-reflective, partakes of the divine. He is as much that One Thing as everything else. “the gods are immortal men, whereas men are mortal gods; our life is their death and our death is their life” – Heraclitus. “That is not dead which can eternal lie. And with strange aeons even death may die.” – horror-fiction writer H.P. Lovecraft.

One of the aims of Aryan Futurism is to demonstrate and prove, by experimentation with matter (in accordance with our Aryan Faustean/ Promethean spirit), that consciousness and energy are the same thing, in the words of Heraclitus: Fire.

What happens to consciousness during FTL (faster than light travel)? The Greeks and Shakespeare believed that nothing is swifter than thought.

Enlightenment? Drugs help, and hallucinogens are sacred in all Aryan religions. Everything is on fire and everything is burning with consciousness. We are burning the time barrier, burning space and burning consciousness, simply by existing.

If I have succeeded in establishing a connection between Heraclitus and advaita Hindu and other non-dualist philosophies, then that is an accomplishment I hoped to do: a synthesis of eastern Aryan and western Aryan philosophy.

NB: Fascism has always claimed to be the ultimate synthesis – the final resolution. Fascistic Thought is always at the vanguard of seeking resolutions to the most contemporary dilemmas: left versus right, poor versus rich, environment versus big business, thallasocracy versus continental empire, globalized consumer capitalism versus European Identitarianism and nationalism, the individual versus the collective. Liberal, multicultural “gay” versus the Aryan homosexual.

For that reason, we European Fascists (defined in the sense of the true inheritors of the Hegelian dialectic) are always at the forefront of any dilemma, seeking resolution. We are surfers at the crest of the wave. So Fascism is best thought of as a process; a process whereby conflicting polarities are resolved.

Of course there are differences between historical Fascism and Aryan Futurism, not least the latter’s belief in pan-Europeanism and the pagan Aryan Imperium with a stronger emphasis on technology and expansion into outer space, and our Olympian destiny.

Of course I believe in the Gods because I created them and they created me. In Europe, European Identitarians and continental New Rightists have examined our current dilemmas with surgical precision.

You know I’m right.